Solar pond design pdf

Solar ponds can only be economically constructed if there is an abundance of inexpensive salt, flat land, and easy access to water. Environmental factors are also important.

An example is preventing soil contamination from the brine in a solar pond. For these reasons, and because of the current availability of cheap fossil fuels, solar pond development has been limited [3]. Solar ponds can be used for process heating, refrigeration, water desalination, production of magnesium chloride, bromine recovery from bittern, enhancement of salt yield in salt farms. It will be the future energy source. Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search.

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Original Title: solar pond. Related titles. Carousel Previous Carousel Next. Jump to Page. Search inside document. COST 7. After the dramatic rise in oil prices in the s, several countries began to formulate extensive research and development programmes to exploit solar energy [2]. A solar pond can store solar heat much more efficiently than a body of water of the same size because the salinity gradient prevents convection currents. A solar pond is an artificially constructed water pond in which significant temperature rises are caused in the lower regions by preventing the occurrence of convection currents.

Collection of radiant energy and its conversion into heat upto 95 C Storage of heat Transport of thermal energy out of the system[6].

The solar pond possesses a thermal storage capacity spanning the seasons. When solar radiation strikes the pond, most of it is absorbed by the surface at the bottom of the pond. Another type of convecting pond is the deep, saltless pond. As sunlight enters the pond, the water and the lining absorb the solar radiation. Another type of nonconvecting pond, the membrane pond, inhibits convection by physically separating the layers with thin transparent membranes.

It was the first experiment in India, which successfully demonstrated the use of a solar pond to supply heat to an actual industrial user. Over 90 graduate and undergraduate students have been involved in the project, performing tasks ranging from construction to applied research. Pyramid Salt will use the pond's heat not only in its commercial salt production but also for aquaculture, specifically producing brine shrimps for stock feed.

Solar energy among these energy sources is the most abundant and considerable research is being carried out in this area. Salinity gradient solar ponds, although not dramatically cheaper than other disposal methods, may still be a viable option especially in circumstances where the unit cost of power is very high or where access to a power grid is limited. Documents Similar To solar pond. Babalola Philip Olufemi. Sunayana Gali. Sumanth Reddy. Solar energy is one of the essential world renewable energy sources.

The conversion of the energy can be operated by several techniques such as photovoltaic systems for producing electricity and solar hot water for heating water with solar energy.

Solar ponds have been suggested to be simple and economical in terms of collecting and storing energy on a large scale. There are two types of solar ponds depending on the convecting behaviors and the non- convecting solar ponds [4]. The location of a non-convecting solar pond is at Cairo, Egypt Based on the NASA websites, Egypt has abundant sunshine with an annual average solar irradiationabout 5.

The objective of this work is to provide the appropriate theory, cost estimation, design reality, specification and calculation details such as temperature effect,radiation effect, depth effect, density effect and the produced temperature of the pond. This report has been divided into different chapters with background in Chapter 2. An appropriate theory for this task is expanded in the chapter 3. Chapter 5 deals with the values of different parameters and results of different factors affecting the efficiency of the solar pond, cost estimation, and conclusion of the project are described.

Finally, the number and detail of references used for the report are also listed. In the seventies when the oil crisis occurred and also later through the eighties, much research and development was on the potential of using a solar pond as an alternative power generating. Solar ponds are controlled body of water that collects and stores solar energy.

Ponds can be naturally occurring, however most ponds in Africa or the world at large, are man-made. Shows the salt-water solar pond, which the amount of salts dissolved in the water, has increased with depth.

Therefore, the salinity and density of each layer in the pond would also be increased with depth, so it is called a salt stabilized or salinity-gradient solar pond. The layer below salinity-gradient zone is called storage zone which can be defined as saturated salt solution, and above salinity-gradient zone which the www.

The thickness of storage zone is normally around one or two meters, the surface zone is around 0. If the solar ponds have suitable gradient of salt concentration at the storage zone and clear fresh water at surface zone. Therefore, the solar energy would be absorbed and collected by the storage zone, which salt water will not rise when it has been heated due to the salt water is heavier than the fresh water on the surface zone.

This temperature is high enough to generate a vapour cycle engine to generate the electricity. Solar Ponds can be used for different applications. Solar Ponds can play an efficient role in providing clean drinking water refrigeration Fig.

Theschematic representation of salinitygradient solar pond[1]. Designs 3. Dry Soil for good thermal insulation. All these conditions are related to each other in some way or another and we have to compromise on some of the conditions and look for a site with minimum losses for instance a high solar radiation means high evaporation losses.

Therefore, we have chosen Cairo in Egypt which has a flat land and the soil is feasible for constructing a solar pond. And our site is near the River Nile in the out skirts of Cairo.

The solar pond area is x m. The thickness of the surface zone, gradient zone and storage zone are 0. The pond shape is square. For choosing the insulation material following properties should be observed: It should withstand the maximum temperature anticipated in the pond.

It should be resistant to ultraviolet radiations. It should not react with the salt. Availability of fresh water with low salinity is one of the most important features of a solar pond. So that the amount of salt may be added according to the application for which the solar pond is being designed [1]. Mathematical Models The efficiency of a solar pond depends upon the incident sun light on the water surface and the amounts of heat lost and gained during this process can be formulized mathematically.

As we know we consider three layers in a solar pond with different densities and that has already been defined in the introduction part. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up.

Download Free PDF. A short summary of this paper. The bottom layer is the Lower Convective film to address the shortcomings of the conventional solar pond Zone LCZ , also called the storage zone, which has the which are low efficiency, short operation time among others. The maximum thickness and has a nearly uniform high salt thermal behavior of a solar pond with a polyethene has been concentration.

The Non convective zone NCZ also referred to analyzed and compared with that without a polyethene film. It experiments show that: the heat storage layer LCZ temperature allows solar radiation to penetrate into the storage zone while rising rate was significantly higher than that of single layer prohibiting the propagation of long wave radiation because water porous media solar pond. The polyethene film of thickness is opaque to infrared radiation.

The polyethene film brings about the convection due to the imposed density stratification. It offers an greenhouse effect where the solar energy that penetrates the film effective conduction barrier because of the low thermal is trapped and improves the efficiency of the storage zone. This makes the GZ Results show that the efficiency of a polyethene stabilized pond essentially a double-diffusive layer of salt and temperature.

Despite numerous studies on solar ponds, there are a number Index Terms- Efficiency, Membrane, Polyethene, Solar pond, of difficulties and limitations that affect the performance of solar Thermal. These problems include, I. Some of these S olar radiation constitutes a vast energy source which is abundantly available on all parts of the earth.

Solar energy is in many regards one of the best alternatives to non-renewable problems were first investigated by Tabor. Later, and sources of energy. One way to collect and store solar energy is Hassab presented a field report on a solar pond constructed in through the use of solar ponds which can be employed to supply the State of Qatar. They reported the problems encountered in thermal energy for various applications, such as process and operating SGSPs in the Arabian Gulf region, characterized as a space heating, water desalination, refrigeration, drying and power windy and dusty environment.

Other problems are excessive generation. Thermal energy storage has always been the most erosion of the gradient zone, the formation of sizable localized significant method of energy storage. Solar ponds are a classical convective zones, the deterioration of pond water clarity and high application of the thermal energy storage and their performance rates of surface evaporation.

This weather related problems depends essentially on the storage capacity of the fluid, thermo severely impair the pond operation and performance. The salinity physical properties of the pond, surroundings conditions, its in the UCZ increases due to convective mixing wind, thermal energy storage capacity, and on its construction and evaporation with NCZ and salt diffusion from the bottom. In a maintenance costs. Newell et al.

Therefore, turbidity of water , the wall The solar ponds which are conventionally referred to as salt design , keeping of salt gradient, wall insulation as well as gradient solar ponds SGSP consists of three distinct zones, the environment and climate will have an important impact on the Upper Convective Zone UCZ the thinnest and which has a low solar pond performance.

With these problems, LCZ temperature and nearly uniform salt concentration.