Major trial courts of the federal court system

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During a court hearing Monday, Judge Amit Mehta pointed out repeatedly that Trump on January 6 asked the crowd to march to the Capitol, but that he didn't speak up for two hours asking people to stop the violence.

In the year since the US Capitol attack, judges remind us what it means to be American. This is not what I wanted you to do. Mehta didn't rule at the end of the nearly five-hour hearing Monday, and rarely showed which way he was leaning. He noted to the dozen or so participants on the call, including several members of Congress, that it was not an easy case. Read More. The major hearing is part of a trio of insurrection-related lawsuits seeking to hold Trump and other Republican figures like Rep.

Mo Brooks of Alabama accountable at a time when the House select committee probing January 6 has aggressively investigated the political leaders who inspired the attack, and as the Justice Department is prosecuting more than rioters for criminal offenses. Mehta's line of questioning is a foreboding sign for Trump, at least as people seek damages through civil litigation following the insurrection. Some of the lawsuits at issue use a civil rights law, commonly called the KKK Act, that allows for lawsuits when officials are intimidated from doing their public duties.

It is the first major test of whether civil litigation is a viable route to holding Trump accountable for the violence toward Congress, after he was acquitted by the Senate in his second impeachment trial last February.

If Trump's call to action at the rally was misinterpreted by the crowd, and they still became violent, "Wouldn't somebody who's a reasonable person say, 'That's not what I meant? The judge pointed out that even Donald Trump Jr. Trump and his close supporters say they're protected by the First Amendment, that Trump and others were speaking on January 6 as public officials and that they weren't agreeing to be part of a conspiracy with the violent crowd under the law.

Meadows urges Supreme Court to take up Trump's case that aims to keep presidential records secret. Trump's lawyer, Jesse Binnall, has argued everything Trump said while serving as President should be immune from liability -- including on January 6 as well as in a call to Georgia officials asking them to "find" votes in early and at campaign rallies -- and is protected from any lawsuits, because it was all part of his official actions as President. Binnall also argued that Trump encouraged the crowd to act "peacefully and patriotically.

The judge pointed to a Supreme Court case related to the Johnson and Nixon administrations that established the parameters of presidential immunity.

Democratic Rep. The lawmakers say they were threatened by Trump and others as part of a conspiracy to stop the congressional session that would certify the presidential election on January 6, according to the complaints. And they argue that Trump should bear responsibility for directing the assaults. There is at least one district court in each state, and the District of Columbia.

Each district includes a U. Four territories of the United States have U. There are also two special trial courts. The Court of International Trade addresses cases involving international trade and customs laws. The U. Court of Federal Claims deals with most claims for money damages against the U.

Federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over bankruptcy cases involving personal, business, or farm bankruptcy. This means a bankruptcy case cannot be filed in state court. Through the bankruptcy process, individuals or businesses that can no longer pay their creditors may either seek a court-supervised liquidation of their assets, or they may reorganize their financial affairs and work out a plan to pay their debts.

Congress created several Article I, or legislative courts, that do not have full judicial power. Judicial power is the authority to be the final decider in all questions of Constitutional law, all questions of federal law and to hear claims at the core of habeas corpus issues.

Article I Courts are:. Main content Court Role and Structure Federal courts hear cases involving the constitutionality of a law, cases involving the laws and treaties of the U. Courts of Appeals There are 13 appellate courts that sit below the U. Bankruptcy Courts Federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over bankruptcy cases involving personal, business, or farm bankruptcy.

Article I Courts Congress created several Article I, or legislative courts, that do not have full judicial power.